How to use *args and **kwargs in Python
Or, How to use variable length argument lists in Python.
The special syntax,
*args and **kwargs in function definitions is used to pass a variable number of arguments to a function. The single asterisk form (*args) is used to pass a non-keyworded, variable-length argument list, and the double asterisk form is used to pass a keyworded, variable-length argument list. Here is an example of how to use the non-keyworded form. This example passes one formal (positional) argument, and two more variable length arguments.def test_var_args(farg, *args):
print "formal arg:", farg
for arg in args:
print "another arg:", arg
test_var_args(1, "two", 3)
Results:
formal arg: 1 another arg: two another arg: 3
Here is an example of how to use the keyworded form. Again, one formal argument and two keyworded variable arguments are passed.
def test_var_kwargs(farg, **kwargs):
print "formal arg:", farg
for key in kwargs:
print "another keyword arg: %s: %s" % (key, kwargs[key])
test_var_kwargs(farg=1, myarg2="two", myarg3=3)
Results:
formal arg: 1 another keyword arg: myarg2: two another keyword arg: myarg3: 3
Using *args and **kwargs when calling a function
This special syntax can be used, not only in function definitions, but also when calling a function.
def test_var_args_call(arg1, arg2, arg3):
print "arg1:", arg1
print "arg2:", arg2
print "arg3:", arg3
args = ("two", 3)
test_var_args_call(1, *args)
Results:
arg1: 1 arg2: two arg3: 3
Here is an example using the keyworded form when calling a function:
def test_var_args_call(arg1, arg2, arg3):
print "arg1:", arg1
print "arg2:", arg2
print "arg3:", arg3
kwargs = {"arg3": 3, "arg2": "two"}
test_var_args_call(1, **kwargs)
Results:
arg1: 1 arg2: two arg3: 3
See also (updated 2009-04-12):
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